Manutention / handling

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The European Federation of Handling Industries FEM (Fédération Européenne de la Manutention), founded in 1953, comprises the national associations of the following European countries: Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, Great Britain, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland. The Czech Republic and Slovakia are associated members.
The FEM documents are divided into the following sections:

Section I: Heavy lifting and handling equipment
Section II: Continuous handling equipment
Section IV: Industrial trucks
Section V: Mobile cranes
Section IX: Series lifting equipment
Section X: Storage equipment and methods

FEM as an umbrella organisation and its sections have the following targets:
- encouraging technical progress and safety at work in the field of handling equipment
- harmonizing of legislation and standardization as well as acceptance testing at international and European levels in order to facilitate the exchange of goods across borders
- assisting and advising authorities, involved in questions at European levels concerning handling equipment.
A large number of directives, design rules, terminologies and safety codes have been produced in recent years.
Many of the recommendations of FEM have been incorporated into national, European and international standards.

Section I - Heavy Lifting and Handling Equipment

FEM 1.001 (10.1998)
Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, 8 booklets,
FEM 1.004 (07.2000)
Recommendation for the calculation of wind loads on crane structures
FEM 1.005 (11.2003)
Recommendation for the calculation of tower cranes structures in out of service conditions, in 3 languages
FEM 1.007 (11.2003)
Recommendation to maintain tower cranes in safe conditions (free of charge)

Section II - Continuous Handling Equipment

FEM 2.111 (07.1978)
Illustrated terminology; mechanical handling of bulk material, 10 languages
FEM 2.112 (08.1999)
Continuous feeding fo bulk materials
FEM 2.211 (07.1978)
Illustrated terminology; mechanical handling of unit loads, 10 languages
FEM 2.411 (07.1978)
Illustrated terminology; pneumatic handling of bulk material, 10 languages
FEM 2.121 (09.1975)
Screw conveyors for bulk material - Recommendations for the design
FEM 2.122 (01.1981)
Recommendation for the calculation of throughput, power requirement and tensile forces in belts
and chains of vertical bucket elevators
FEM 2.123 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of bucket elevators
FEM 2.124 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk material on the design of troughed belt conveyors
FEM 2.125 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of horizontal and slightly inclined
screw conveyors (up to about 20°)
FEM 2.126 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of en-masse conveyors/elevators
FEM 2.127 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of vibrating conveyors
FEM 2.128 (1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of bucket-wheel reclaimers
FEM 2.131/2.132 (1997)
Rules for the design of mobile equipment for continuous handling of bulk materials
FEM 2.181 (1989)
Specific characteristics of bulk materials as applicable when handled mechanically
FEM 2.271 (01.1981)
Description of unit loads - Cardboard and millboard boxes
FEM 2.272 (10.1982)
Description of unit loads - Plastic boxes
FEM 2.273 (1983)
Description of unit loads - Flat pallets
FEM 2.274 (1985)
Descripiton of unit loads - Paper, canvas and plastic bags
FEM 2.275 (1985)
Description of unit loads - Steel and plastic drums
FEM 2.276 (1985)
Description of unit loads - Luggage
FEM 2.311 (03.1982)
Storage of bulk material - Terminology, in 3 languages
FEM 2.312 (10.1999)
Discharge of bulk material from silos - Description and assessment of discharge systems
FEM 2.321 (05.1989)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design and dimensioning of silos
FEM 2.371 (11.1991)
Definition of flow processes and troubles in the operation of storage silos
FEM 2.381 (02.1986)
Specific characteristics of bulk products as applicable to storage in silos -
Determination and representation of flow characteristics
FEM 2.412 (1981)
Glossary of general terms used in pneumatic handling of loose bulk materials, in 3 languages
FEM 2.421 (01.1992)
Influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on the design of pneumatic handling systems
FEM 2.461 (1983)
Guarantee terms for pneumatic handling installations
FEM 2.481 (1995)
Specific characteristics of bulk products as applicable to pneumatic conveyors
- Definition and determination of the methods of measurement
FEM 2.482 (1999)
Test method to determine the content of fines and streamers in plastic pellets
FEM 2.521 (07.1995)
Apron conveyors - Design principles
FEM 2.551 (07.1995)
Pressure release of dust explosions, in 3 languages, free of charge
FEM 2.561 (04.1994)
Questionnaire for the study of continuous bulk handling systems - Problems common to
mechanical handling, pneumatic handling and silo storage
FEM 2.562 (04.1994)
Questionnaire and check-list for the study of continuous bulk handling systems -
Mechanical handling
FEM 2.563 (04.1994)
Questionnaire and check-list for the study of continuous bulk handling systems -
Pneumatic handling
FEM 2.564 (04.1994)
Questionnaire and check-list for the study of continuous bulk handling sysems -
Silos, hoppers and bins
FEM 2.581 / FEM 2.582 (11.1991)
General characteristics of bulk products with regard to their classification and their symbolization

Section IV - Industrial Trucks

FEM 4.003 (2001)
Information of the application of the EC regulation on the noise of fork lifts (German, English)
FEM 4.004 (2004)
Periodic Inspection of Industrial Trucks, available for free download (in English and German) on the webpage of the Product Group
FEM 4.005 (2005)
Industrial Trucks – 90° stacking aisle width (in English, German)
FEM 4.006 (2005)
Exceptional use of work platforms with Industrial Trucks (in English, German)
FEM TN 02 (1983)
Method for specifying wheel/tyre static ground contact pressure and/or ground contact area

Section V – Mobile Cranes

FEM 5.004 (10.1994)
Rules for the design of the steel structures of general use, (only in English)
FEM 5.005 (06.1986)
Lorry loaders; Definition, terminology and configurations, (only in English)
FEM 5.006 (06.1986)
Lorry loaders; Controls, general principles, symbols, layout, operating directions, (only in English)
FEM 5.007 (06.1986)
Lorry loaders; Stability, calculation and test loading, (only in English)
FEM 5.008 (12.1987)
Stability - Lorry loaders used in timber handling, (only in English)
FEM 5.010 (10.1987)
Lorry loaders; Load plates, (only in English)
FEM 5.011 (10.1987)
Lorry loaders; Safety requirements for hydraulic systems, (only in English)
FEM 5.012 (05.1987)
Mobile cranes; Devices against overloading, (only in English and German)
FEM 5.013 (04.1987)
Mobile cranes; Wire ropes, drum and sheave diameters, (only in English and German)
FEM 5.015 (10.1990)
Lorry loaders: Classification, loads and load combination, (only in English)

Section IX - Series Lifting Equipment and Storage and Retrieval Machines

Series lifting equipment:
FEM 9.341 (10.1983)
Rules for the design of series lifting equipment; Local girder stresses
FEM 9.511 (06.1986)
Rules for the design of series lifting equipment; Classification of mechanisms
FEM 9.661 (06.1986)
Rules for the design of series lifting equipment; Dimensions and design of rope reeving components
FEM 9.671 (10.1988)
Rules for the design of series lifting equipment; Chain qualities, selection criteria and requirements
FEM 9.683 (10.1995)
Selection of lifting and travel motors
FEM 9.751 (05.1998)
Power driven series hoist mechanisms, Safety
FEM 9.752 (07.2003)
Series hoists mechanisms with adjustable speed electrical power drive systems – Low voltage
adjustable frequency AC power drive systems
FEM 9.755 (06.1993)
Measure for achieving safe working periods for motorized serial hoist units (S.W.P.)
FEM 9.756 (08.2004)
Hand-operated and power driven hoists for special purposes
FEM 9.761 (01.1995)
Lifting force limiters for controlling the loading of motorized series hoist mechanisms
FEM 9.852 (07.1998)
Power driven series hoist mechanisms; Standardised test procedure for verification of the classification
FEM 9.901 (12.1991)
Rules for the design of series lifting equipment and cranes equipped with series lifting equipment
FEM 9.941 (01.1995)
Series lifting equipment; Graphical symbols for control devices

Storage and retrieval machines:
FEM 9.001 (07.1997)
Terminology; Dictionary, storage and retrieval machines, (in 3 languages)
FEM 9.101 (10.1997)
Terminology; Storage and retrieval machines - definitions, (in 3 languages)
FEM 9.221 (10.1981)
Performance data of storage and retrieval machines, reliability, availability
FEM 9.222 (06.1989)
Rules for the acceptance and availability of installations with storage and retrieval machines and
other equipment
FEM 9.223 (06.2003)
Basic data and criteria for the construction of automatic high bay warehouses with distribution systems
FEM 9.311 (02.1978)
Rules for the design of storage and retrieval machines; Structures
FEM 9.512 (07.1997)
Rules for the design of storage and retrieval machines; Mechanisms
FEM 9.754 (04.1988)
Safety rules for automatic miniload storage and retrieval machines
FEM 9.831 (02.1995)
Calculation principles of storage and retrieval machines – Tolerances, deformations and clearances in the high-bay warehouse
FEM 9.832 (08.2001)
Basis of calculations for storage and retrieval machines, tolerances, deformations and clearances in automatic
small parts warehouses (not silo design)
FEM 9.851 (06.2003)
Performance data of storage and retrieval machines; Cycle times-
FEM 9.871 (08.1997)
Logbook for storage and retrieval machines and transfer devices
FEM 9.881 (02.2000)
Project planning data for selection of drives for storage and retrieval machines